COMMENTARY

2009 LECTIONS: A SUCCESSFUL REFERENDUM AGAINST THE STATUS QUO

The present long election campaign for Bulgarian Parliament has ended as a referendum against the status quo which the opposition has won. The strategy of the winning party, Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (CEDB), to frame the political choice of the country in this manner was successful and the party is about to begin to govern for the next four years. Two things made the task easier. The first one was the distressing desire of the previous, three-party coalition to place itself above the political laws of democracy and the low quality of coalition governance. The de facto 'grand coalition' worked at too slow a pace, without clear direction, without accountability for its numerous failures and cases of abuse, it kept its Ministers for far longer than the rules of democracy suggested. Within months of EU accession, the government got the country into a deep reputational crisis and forced the EC to come forth with unprecedented criticism aimed at the governing coalition. EU funds were duly frozen. Towards the end of its term of office the three-party coalition seemed determined to remain in power at any price. Political engineering ensued at an unseen hitherto scale with eleventh hour changes in the electoral system and institutional and financial support for alternative party projects such as 'Leader'. In short, the government attempted to hijack the electoral process. The very high voter turnout, around 70%, was a response to this behaviour.

The second important reason is the very nature of the CEDB political project. The party has been built almost by textbook which has provided it with significant advantage given the fact that most Bulgarian parties have become very sloppy and lazy abandoning entire regions of the country. Among its strongest features are a working national structure, wide scope of sectoral expert groups, relatively well-structured dialogue with branch and citizen organizations. But all this is funneled through the personal engagement of its leader, Boyko Borisov. This is a key element without which such convincing electoral success would not be possible. As a consequence, the figure and behaviour of the Sofia mayor is going to be the decisive factor on which the success of the future government will hang.

At the same time, the electoral campaign has given us many reasons for worry about the quality of the political system in the country. High electoral turnout is presently interpreted as key civic engagement at a crucial juncture for the country but at the same time it may also be seen as rather an act of desperation at '5 to midnight'. It simply does not look like systemic effort and capacity to counter abusive political power. This is evidenced by the numerous unconvincing protests over the last four years aimed at the outgoing government. Moreover, high turnout is currently serving to ignore the extremely worrying expansion and professionalization of the so-called 'controlled vote' which may regain its relative weight in political outcomes once this is wave of activity is over. In reality, dealing with this problem is one of the key tests for the next government, its willingness and desire for the normalization of electoral legal regulation and investigation and prosecution of such unpleasant practices. Another serious problem remains the low level of citizen activity between elections. The active inclusion of opinion, positions and expertise of citizens and their communities has to be central for the incoming government. Putting this to good use may turn out to be decisive for maintaining high levels of support as well as for improving the quality of governance.

The two-month long pre-election campaign was extremely unsatisfying from the point of view of debate about alternative governing programmes and policies. This is true even regarding key questions such as EU membership where we could not glimpse what parties wanted to do (for instance, regarding the role and functions of the deputy PM for EU funds, the Minister for European Affairs, EU policy areas where Bulgaria wants to be active, etc.) Left and right-wing parties persist in talking without clarity as to what and how the state will continue to do in the coming years, how and why taxes will be spent, how the stalled systems of public goods will be changed and improved. There never appears to be sufficient time for such a debate and campaigns are becoming a mindless race of graphic design and video clips. The coming four years of centre-right government must radically change the Bulgarian state, making it smaller, more effective and smarter. This is among the most important criteria worthy of discussion and effort.


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"Foreign Policy"

2009 Sophia Analytica